Thus, oxidative stress, which is the result of an imbalance between prooxidants and antioxidants towards the former due to excessive production of free radicals and/or a decrease in the activity of antioxidant defense, underlies the pathogenesis of many diseases and its study in modeling experimental pathology serves as a fundamental basis for clinical research
Despite the possible favorable effects of lithium on gut microbiota composition, the use of this drug has been associated with numerous withdrawals in patients with BD, including nausea, diarrhea, weight gain, fine tremor, hypothyroidism, electrocardiogram anomalies, alterations in renal function and even cognitive side effects [266]
While gene therapy is available for a small subset of patients with specific mutations, developing a therapeutic that broadly targets the cellular stresses that lead to cell death could address a major unmet need
Nucleic Acid Ther 2017;27:13
In vitro and in vivo models have provided essential insights into cellular toxicity mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic disturbances, and genotoxicity
