Most of them exert redox potential control and oxidoreductase function, e.g., glutathione peroxidase (GPX/GPx) 14 and 6, thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD/TrxR) 13, and selenoprotein R/methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (SELENOR/SelR/MSRB1)
To increase absorption, we recommend chewing B12-only supplements and swallowing multivitamins whole
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Solutions: Use a higher concentration with smaller reconstitution volume, which does not actually solve the stability issue since the same amount of time passes Start at a higher dose point if your protocol allows (only if you have already titrated up with a smaller vial) Consider aliquoting into smaller sterile vials and freezing portions for later use (reduces contamination risk to the main vial) Share the reconstitution timing with your dosing schedule, only reconstituting when you are at a dose where you will use the vial within 28-60 days For researchers at 10 mg or 15 mg weekly, the 60 mg vial is perfect