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What toxins does glutathione remove
In 2012, while investigating the mechanism of Erastin-induced cell death, Dixon and colleagues formally coined the term ferroptosis to describe this iron-dependent, lipid peroxidation-mediated form of regulated cell death ( Compared with other forms of cell death, such as autophagy, apoptosis, and pyroptosis, ferroptosis exhibits distinct morphological, biochemical, and immunological characteristics (Xia et al., 2025)
Activation of this ATP-depleting futile 5-oxoproline cycle (glutamate glutamyl phosphate 5-oxoproline glutamate) requires two triggers: reduced cellular glutathione levels, which activates step 1 of the -glutamyl cysteine synthetase reaction, and reduced cytosol cysteine levels, which blocks step 2 of the reaction sequence and instead causes the accumulating glutamyl phosphate to autocyclize and form 5-oxoproline
Stabler SP (2013) Clinical practice