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Abbreviations HS: Heparan sulfate HA: Hyaluronic acid GPC-1: Glypican-1 CAV-1: Caveolin-1 SAP: Severe acute pancreatitis MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinases SDC-1: Syndecan-1 MODS: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome GAGs: Glycosaminoglycans SAP-MODS: Severe acute pancreatitis-associated multiple organ dysfunction SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha SIA: Sialic acid CS: Chondroitin sulfate GPI: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol HPF: High pressure freezing FS: Freeze substitution TEM: Transmission electron microscopy SEM: Scanning electron microscopy FIB-SEM: Focus-ion-beam- scanning electron microscopy -PIV: Microparticle image velocimetry CLSM: Confocal laser scanning microscopy WGA: Wheat germ agglutinin DAPI: 4,6-Diamidin-2-phenylindol FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated CS-56: Chondroitin sulfate antibody-56 AFM: Atomic force microscopy HUVEC: Human umbilical vein endothelial cell LPS: Lipopolysaccharide MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa-B MMP-9: Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Ang-2: Angiopoietin-2 PMVEC: Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 RMEC: Renal microvascular endothelial cell BMEC: Brain microvascular endothelial cell BBB: Bloodbrain barrier NO: Nitric oxide AEC: Aortic endothelial cell vWF: Von willebrand factor sEPCR: Soluble endothelial protein C receptor CCEC: Cardiac capillary endothelial cell ICE: Intestinal capillary endothelium PVEC: Portal vein endothelial cell VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor bFGF: Basic fibroblast growth factor STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ROS: Reactive oxygen species IL-1: Interleukin-1 IL-2: Interleukin-2 IL-18: Interleukin-18 IL-6: Interleukin-6 NOX: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase ATP: Adenosine triphosphate NLRP3: Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 TLR9: Toll-like receptor 9 ET-1: Endothelin-1 iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2 cGMP: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase-4 CXCL10: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 RAGE: Receptors for advance glycation endproducts VCAM-1: Vascular endothelial adhesion factor ICAM-1: Intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 AKI: Acute kidney injury pJAK2: Phosphorylated janus kinase 2 pSTAT3: Phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 rSyn-1: Recombinant full-length syndecan-1 References Banks PA, Bollen TL, Dervenis C, Gooszen HG, Johnson CD, Sarr MG, Tsiotos GG, Vege SS

61 While Mao and colleagues relied on native cells to populate their scaffold for the rabbit shoulder, Moutos and colleagues seeded their hemispherical scaffold with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs)

Muscle Growth and Recovery: By promoting tissue repair and reducing inflammation, BPC-157 can enhance muscle recovery and growth

In brain injury models, it reduced swelling and bleeding and improved recovery outcomes suggesting it may help preserve neurological function under stress

The fourth hotspot is not previously correlated with the HGF binding site, which is across the plexinsemaphorin-integrin homology domain (PSI)-IPT 1 domains