Dialysis Data not available Other Comments Administration advice: Follow the dose escalation to reduce the risk of GI adverse reactions
Four large trials that studied the effect of intensive glucose lowering on CV risk enrolled few patients with HF and HF hospitalization was not a primary end point [28-31]
In some cases, hospitalization was required, although most have responded to outpatient management with antiemetic and prokinetic agents
Potential risks Serious risks and adverse events include: Allergic reaction to the medications or dye used in the injection Shoulder infection Depigmentation of the skin around the injection site (a whitening of the skin) Local fat atrophy around the injection site (thinning of the skin) Rupture of a tendon located in the path of the injection Nerve damage near the shoulder joint Bleeding at the injection site In addition to the above, corticosteroid injections increase the risk of: High blood pressure High blood sugar Decreased immune function Decrease in bone mineral density Bone infection (osteonecrosis) Reproductive hormone imbalance Metabolic changes (eg, increased appetite, weight gain, and fluid retention) These risks are typically associated with higher doses of corticosteroids, multiple injections, and for people with underlying medical conditions such as diabetes and heart problems
These are best treated as auxiliary hypotheses rather than primary mechanism, as the experimental support is narrower than for the VEGFR2-eNOS axis
