This effect appeared to be mediated by antioxidant mechanisms involving GSK3 phosphorylation 156 , and it was also associated with a reduction of measures of memory impairment in mice 157
Theoretically, nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulating GLP-1RAs can significantly extend the drugs half-life and promote accumulation of the drug in the joint cartilage, thereby maintaining a high therapeutic concentration for an extended period and improving treatment efficacy
This spectrum encompasses metabolic disorders (type 2 diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease), autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease), cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders (6)
However, tolerability and therapeutic effectiveness are not the same thing
Scoring was done according to congestion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and liver cell necrosis