While all GLP-1 medications effectively lower hemoglobin A1c and promote weight loss, they differ in dosing frequency, formulation, cardiovascular benefits, and side effect profiles
Cells were incubated at room temperature for a further 2 h and stimulated with 10 nM GLP-1 or GIP in HEPES-buffered saline (HBSS) containing 107 mM NaCl, 6 mM KCl, 1.2 mM MgSO 4 , 2 mM CaCl 2 , 1.2 mM KH 2 PO 4 , 20 mM HEPES, and 5.5 or 16.7 mM glucose at pH 7.4
Dong JY, Xun P, He K, Qin LQ
Thymosin Beta 4 and a Synthetic Peptide Containing Its Actin-Binding Domain Promote Dermal Wound Repair in db/db Diabetic Mice and in Aged Mice, Philp D, Badamchian M, Scheremeta B, Nguyen M, Goldstein AL, Kleinman HK, Wound Repair and Regeneration, 2003 JanFeb;11(1):1924
In Arabidopsis, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production via NADPH oxidases initiates signaling cascades from the plasma membrane that ultimately trigger antioxidant defenses (Ma et al., 2012