doi: 10.3389/fnut.2026.1804917 Received 05 February 2026 Revised 04 March 2026 Accepted 16 March 2026 Published 31 March 2026 Volume 13 - 2026 Edited by Berenice M Romn Calleja, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirn, Mexico Reviewed by Anindita Banerjee, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), India Venkateswararao Eeda, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, United States Updates Copyright 2026 Chen, Zou, Li, Liu, Liu, Yao, Peng, Liang, Chen, Huang and Huang
IGF-1 induces insulin-like effects on glucose uptake, and chronic elevations may lead to reduced insulin sensitivity. LeRoith, Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism IGF-1 DES Side Effects 1
17 , E1164 (2016)
Access to l-carnitine is believed to increase energy levels for long-term aerobic activity
Potential side effects may include injection-site redness, swelling, bruising, itching, tenderness, small lumps, headache, fatigue, nausea, appetite changes, abdominal discomfort, stool changes, dizziness, altered sleep, mood changes, or feeling off. Allergic or immune reactions are also possible, and the FDA has specifically raised concerns about immunogenicity and peptide-related impurities in compounded BPC-157
