The intermediates from de novo lipogenesis in the liver will disrupt mitochondrial function and produce ROS, and then cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ultimately leading to inflammation, and the broken cells releasing cytokines will cause more cell death ( The excess free fatty acids (FFAs) and de novo lipogenesis would break the homeostasis of lipid metabolism
For at-home use following minor injuries, irritation, or inflammation, copper peptide serums can accelerate healing while preventing potential scarring
doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.06.005 42 BenitoAPolatIHNoeVCiudadCJMarinSCascanteM
October 2025, Janet Iwasa
Whilst the NHS notes that taking up to 2,000 micrograms daily is unlikely to cause harm in most people, there is generally no benefit to consuming such excessive amounts unless treating confirmed deficiency under medical supervision