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Naeser, M
Elisaf, Adverse Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, Rev
A primary mechanism is the disruption of the epithelial barrier via its virulence adhesin FadA, which binds to E-cadherin on host cells, leading to the activation of the NF-B pathway and the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-, IL-1, and IL-6 (Li et al., 2021
Secondly, the mechanism is to regulate the expression of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and antioxidant-related enzymes such as, Nrf2, heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), malondialdehyde (MAD), and other related factors [249, 250]
Therefore, to clarify whether the function of GLP-1R is activated or inhibited in CM, we detected the changes in the level of endogenous GLP-1, a natural agonist of GLP-1R, in the TNC in NTG-induced CM mice
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