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Additionally, brain cholesterol, primarily stored in myelin and neuronal plasma membranes, declines with age, which is associated with synaptic dysfunction and an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases [244]

This indicates that Nrf2 plays a crucial role in PD by regulating antioxidant responses and alleviating neuroinflammation, thereby providing neuroprotection in PD

[11] [3] This is the rate limiting step

Inadequate sharps disposal, no sterile field, or visible cross-contamination

The ubiquitous presence of DPP-4 at various sites like monocytes, macrophages, intestinal cells, kidneys, liver, pancreas, lungs, epithelial and endothelial cells implicates its biological activity [2]