MSCs secrete growth factors such as IGF-1, HGF, and VEGF, which inhibit granulosa cell apoptosis and promote angiogenesis
What they found: 4,192 human genes change expression by 2 in response to GHK-Cu (31.2 % of the human genome) Of these 2,296 genes up-regulated , 1,896 down-regulated Pattern of changes: a rejuvenating signature, genes typically associated with ageing are down-regulated, regenerative genes up-regulated DNA repair , strong up-regulation of genes in BER, HR, NER pathways Mitochondrial biogenesis , increase in the number of mitochondria in cells Anti-apoptotic signal , protection against cell death Down-regulation of cancer signals , some oncogenes decreased Why it matters: This is the strongest evidence for the pleiotropic nature of GHK-Cu
Avoid environmental toxins
Olthof, M
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